20 research outputs found

    Aproximación fenomenológica A la obra de Peter zumthor: Análisis de la penumbra en el espacio arquitectónico

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    Los proyectos de Peter Zumthor (Basilea, Suiza, 1943), premio Pritzker 2009, reflejan fielmente su forma de entender la Arquitectura. La consonancia y afinidad de los materiales y las texturas, el juego de la luz y las sombras, el carácter artesanal de la materia y la creación de espacios que conmuevan y jueguen con nuestros sentidos, conforman su propia teoría arquitectónica. Este trabajo no intenta estudiar a fondo la obra de Zumthor, sino realizar una aproximación a los aspectos fenomenológicos presentes en algunas de sus obras, centrando la atención en una de las más importantes, y siempre latentes, facetas de sus creaciones: su singular tratamiento de la luz y la penumbra para conseguir ambientes únicos e irrepetibles. Los resultados de la presente investigación se han obtenido a partir de un análisis pormenorizado, crítico y totalmente subjetivo, de 15 de los edificios diseñados por el arquitecto rigurosamente colocados por orden cronológico. Apoyándose en una serie de fotografías, específicamente seleccionadas por su fuerza visual, y acompañados de esquemas explicativos de las imágenes y citas del propio autor, los textos que acompañan a las aproximaciones pretenden adentrarse en los mecanismos arquitectónicos que influyen en la percepción fenomenológica de los espacios, con tanta intensidad como la que uno experimenta en los edificios de Zumthor. “Para mí, la realidad arquitectónica sólo puede tratarse de que un edificio me conmueva o no.” “Intento crear atmósferas que activen la sensibilidad emocional.” - Peter ZumthorThe projects by Peter Zumthor (Basel, Switzerland, 1943), 2009 Pritzker Prize, faithfully reflect his personal way of understanding Architecture. The consonance and affinity of materials and textures, the interplay of light and shades, the artisan nature of matter and the creation of poignant spaces which play with our natural senses, define his own architectural theory. This paper does not attempt an in-depth study of Zumthor's work, but rather an approach to the phenomenological features present in some of his artworks, focusing attention on one of the most important, and always dormant, facets of his creations: his singular treatment of light and twilight to achieve unique, one-off atmospheres. The results of this research have been obtained from a detailed, critical and totally subjective analysis of 15 of the buildings designed by the architect, rigorously placed in chronological order. Leaning on a series of photographs, specially selected according to their visual strength, and with explanatory diagrams of the images and quotations from the author himself, the texts joining the approaches aim to delve into the architectural procedures which influence the phenomenological perception of spaces, with as much intensity as the one we experience in the buildings by Zumthor. “Personally speaking, architectural reality may only be a question of whether a building moves me or ot.” “I attempt to create some atmospheres which activate emotional sensitiveness.” - Peter ZumthorDepartamento de Teoría de la Arquitectura y Proyectos ArquitectónicosGrado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectur

    Early-life development of the bifidobacterial community in the infant gut

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    The establishment of the gut microbiota poses implications for short and long-term health. Bifidobacterium is an important taxon in early life, being one of the most abundant genera in the infant intestinal microbiota and carrying out key functions for maintaining host-homeostasis. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that different factors, such as gestational age, delivery mode, or feeding habits, affect the gut microbiota establishment at high phylogenetic levels. However, their impact on the specific bifidobacterial populations is not yet well understood. Here we studied the impact of these factors on the different Bifidobacterium species and subspecies at both the quantitative and qualitative levels. Fecal samples were taken from 85 neonates at 2, 10, 30, 90 days of life, and the relative proportions of the different bifidobacterial populations were assessed by 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Absolute levels of the main species were determined by q-PCR. Our results showed that the bifidobacterial population establishment is affected by gestational age, delivery mode, and infant feeding, as it is evidenced by qualitative and quantitative changes. These data underline the need for understanding the impact of perinatal factors on the gut microbiota also at low taxonomic levels, especially in the case of relevant microbial populations such as Bifidobacterium. The data obtained provide indications for the selection of the species best suited for the development of bifidobacteria-based products for different groups of neonates and will help to develop rational strategies for favoring a healthy early microbiota development when this process is challenged.This work was funded by the EU Joint Programming Initiative—A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (JPI HDHL, http://www.healthydietforhealthylife.eu/, Project EarlyMicroHealth) and the Project AGL2017-83653R funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER”. S.A. was the recipient of a Juan de la Cierva Postdoctoral Contract (Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, Ref. IJCI-2017-32156) and an EU Horizon2020 research grant under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie program (n. 749255)

    Influence of 2′-fucosyllactose on the microbiota composition and metabolic activity of fecal cultures from breastfed and formula-fed infants at two months of age

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    Although breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition for infant feeding, some circumstances may make breastfeeding difficult. Several commercial milk preparations include syn-thetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in their composition. However, the effect of HMOs on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota remains incompletely understood. Independent batch fermentations were performed with feces from six full-term infant donors of two months of age (three breastfed and three formula-fed, exclusively) in the presence of 2′fucosyllactose (2′FL), one of the most abundant HMOs in human milk. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at 24 h of incubation. The 2′FL consumption, gas accumulation, and levels of different metabolites were determined by chromatography. Microbiota profiles at baseline were clearly influenced by the mode of feeding and by the intrinsic ability of microbiotas to degrade 2′FL. The 2′FL degradation rate clustered fecal cultures into slow and fast degraders, regardless of feeding type, this being a determinant factor influencing the evolution of the microbiota during incubation, although the low number of donors precludes drawing sound conclusions. More studies are needed to decipher the extent to which the early intervention with HMOs could influence the microbiota as a function of its ability to utilize 2′FL.This research was funded by a contract of Lallemand Health Solutions Inc. with IPLA-CSIC and by the Intramural CSIC Research project PIE201970E061. S.A. was the recipient of a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva Contract (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Ref. IJCI-2017-32156) and NS has a postdoctoral contract awarded by the Biosanitary Research Foundation in Asturias (FINBA, Spain)

    Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Concordance Between Fenton 2013 and INTERGROWTH-21st Growth Charts

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    Postnatal growth restriction has high prevalence in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates, and this could affect their long-term prognosis. Nowadays, there is no consensus on how to monitor growth in these neonates.Objective: This study aimed to compare prevalence of intra- and extrauterine growth restriction (IUGR and EUGR) in a sample of VLBW infants according to the Fenton 2013 charts and INTERGROWTH-21st (IW-21) standards and to analyze concordance between both in the different EUGR definitions criteria (cross-sectional, dynamic, and true).Patients and Methods: An observational retrospective study of 635 VLBW preterm was performed. The study was carried out in Central University Hospital of Asturias. Body measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) were collected at birth and at hospital discharge and expressed in z-scores for the two references (Fenton 2010 and IW-21). Kappa concordance was calculated.Results: Kappa concordance between Fenton and IW-21 was 0.887 for IUGR and 0.580 for static EUGR. Prevalence was higher according to Fenton in IUGR (36.5 vs. 35.1%), in static EUGR (73.8 vs. 59.3%), and in dynamic EUGR (44.3 vs. 29.3%). Despite observing low prevalence of EUGR when IW-21 was used to define EUGR, a statistical association between neonatal morbidity and diagnosis of EUGR was observed.Conclusion: The Fenton and IW-21 concordance for IUGR is good. IW-21 is more restrictive than Fenton in EUGR. Patients diagnosed by IW-21 as EUGR are more likely to have neonatal morbidity, especially if we use EUGR dynamic definition. In our study, we cannot conclude that one graph is better than the other

    In Vitro Probiotic Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota and 2′Fucosyllactose Consumption in Fecal Cultures from Infants at Two Months of Age

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    2-fucosyllactose (2 FL) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk, with benefits on neonatal health. Previous results point to the inability of the fecal microbiota from some infants to ferment 2 FL. We evaluated a probiotic formulation, including the strains Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052), Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033), and Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071), individually or in an 80:10:10 combination on the microbiota and 2 FL degradation. Independent batch fermentations were performed with feces from six full-term infant donors of two months of age (three breastfed and three formula-fed) with added probiotic formulation or the constituent strains in the presence of 2 FL. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gas accumulation, pH decrease and 2 FL consumption, and levels of different metabolites were determined by chromatography. B. bifidum R0071 was the sole microorganism promoting a partial increase of 2 FL degradation during fermentation in fecal cultures of 2 FL slow-degrading donors. However, major changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity occurred with L. helveticus R0052 or the probiotic formulation in cultures of slow degraders. Further studies are needed to decipher the role of the host intestinal microbiota in the efficacy of these strains.This research was funded by a contract of Lallemand Health Solutions Inc. with IPLA-CSIC (Spanish National Research Council contract number 201266) and by the Intramural Spanish National Research Council project PIE201970E061. S.A. was the recipient of a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva contract (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Ref. IJCI-2017-32156), and N.S. has a postdoctoral contract awarded by the Biosanitary Research Foundation in Asturias (FINBA, Spain)

    Modulación in vitro de la microbiota intestinal de niños lactantes y del consumo de 2’-fucosillactosa con cepas de bacterias lácticas probióticas

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    Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 15ª Reunión de la Red Española de Bacterias Lácticas: Bacterias Lácticas en Alimentación y Salud, celebrada en Valencia (España), los días 26 y 27 de mayo de 2022.El establecimiento de la microbiota neonatal en las primeras etapas de la vida está modulado por varios tipos de factores entre los que destaca especialmente el tipo de alimentación (leche maternaLM o leche de fórmula-LF). La 2´-fucosillactosa (2´FL) es uno de los oligosacáridos más abundantes de la leche materna (“human milk oligosaccharides”-HMO), con actividad prebiótica. Los niños que no son amamantados con LM, lo ingieren en LF suplementadas, en combinación con cepas probióticas en muchas ocasiones. Sin embargo, el efecto tanto de este HMO como de la combinación con cepas probióticas a nivel de la microbiota intestinal y sus metabolitos no ha sido estudiado en detalle. Por tanto, es de gran interés la evaluación del efecto de la 2’FL y cepas probióticas destinadas a la alimentación de lactantes sobre la microbiota intestinal infantil (MI)

    HLA association with the susceptibility to anti-synthetase syndrome

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    Objective To investigate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD). Methods We conducted the largest immunogenetic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B study to date in a homogeneous cohort of 168 Caucasian patients with ASSD and 486 ethnically matched healthy controls by sequencing-based-typing. Results A statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-B*08:01 alleles in patients with ASSD compared to healthy controls was disclosed (26.2% versus 12.2%, P = 1.56E?09, odds ratio?OR [95% confidence interval?CI] = 2.54 [1.84?3.50] and 21.4% versus 5.5%, P = 18.95E?18, OR [95% CI] = 4.73 [3.18?7.05]; respectively). Additionally, HLA-DRB1*07:01 allele was significantly decreased in patients with ASSD compared to controls (9.2% versus 17.5%, P = 0.0003, OR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.31?0.72]). Moreover, a statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele in anti-Jo-1 positive compared to anti-Jo-1 negative patients with ASSD was observed (31.8% versus 15.5%, P = 0.001, OR [95% CI] = 2.54 [1.39?4.81]). Similar findings were observed when HLA carrier frequencies were assessed. The HLA-DRB1*03:01 association with anti-Jo-1 was unrelated to smoking history. No HLA differences in patients with ASSD stratified according to the presence/absence of the most representative non-anti-Jo-1 anti-synthetase autoantibodies (anti-PL-12 and anti-PL-7), arthritis, myositis or interstitial lung disease were observed. Conclusions Our results support the association of the HLA complex with the susceptibility to ASS

    Concentración sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D libre en población pediátrica. ¿Es un marcador del estatus de vitamina D?

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    La evaluación del estatus de vitamina D en población infantil mediante la determinación aislada de los niveles séricos totales de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) podría ser inadecuada o insuficiente. El estudio de la fracción libre de la 25OHD y de las concentraciones de su proteína transportadora, (DBP) así como la correlación de ésta con otros marcadores bioquímicos de metabolismo mineral como la hormona paratiroidea (PTH), permitirían ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre la funcionalidad de la vitamina D en población pediátrica. Si la fracción libre de la 25OHD muestra una mejor correlación con los niveles de PTH que los niveles totales de 25OHD, podría cuestionarse el uso de la 25OHD total como marcador del estatus de vitamina D. Además, la concentración circulante de 25OHD libre podría verse influenciada en mayor medida que la 25OHD total por factores ambientales como el tiempo de exposición solar, estación del año, ingesta de vitamina D o el grado de obesidad. Ningún estudio publicado hasta la fecha ha estudiado la 25OHD libre en población pediátrica sana. Objetivos: -Objetivo general: esclarecer el significado funcional de los valores séricos de 25OHD libre en niños sanos y contribuir al conocimiento general del metabolismo de la vitamina D en población pediátrica. -Objetivos específicos: Conocer en población infantil, incluyendo en el periodo neonatal: 1) Las concentraciones plasmáticas circulantes de la fracción libre de la 25OHD. 2) La correlación entre los niveles de 25OHD total y su fracción libre. 3) La correlación entre los niveles séricos de la 25OHD total y su fracción libre con: -Niveles séricos de PTH -Niveles séricos de DBP -Niveles séricos de albúmina 4) La correlación entre los niveles séricos de la fracción libre de 25OHD directamente medida y matemáticamente calculada. 5) La relación de los niveles séricos de 25OHD libre y total con el índice de masa corporal, etnia y distintos factores ambientales. 6) Las concentraciones séricas de DBP y evaluar su correlación con los distintos fenotipos de esta proteína. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio clínico prospectivo y transversal Se incluyeron un total de 241 niños sanos de 0 a 14 años de Asturias y León (latitud 43º y 42º N respectivamente). Se midieron las concentraciones séricas de 25OHD libre y su correlación con la 25OHD total, con la 25OH libre calculada matemáticamente, la PTH, la DBP y la albúmina sérica. También se analizó la influencia de la edad, el sexo, la etnia, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la época del año, la dieta, los suplementos vitamínicos y la exposición solar en los niveles de 25OHD libre. Resultados: la media (DE) de las concentraciones de 25OHD libre fue de 2,48 (1,39), 5,46 (3,12), 4,12 (1,72) y 3,82 (1,43) pg/mL en los cuatro grupos de niños estudiados (recién nacidos, 6 años respectivamente). La correlación entre la 25OHD libre medida directamente y calculada fue alta y significativa (r=0,65), así como la correlación entre las concentraciones de la 25OHD libre y total (r=0,61). No se encontró correlación significativa entre la PTH y la 25OHD libre (r=-0,08). La correlación entre la concentración de 25OHD total y la PTH fue inversa y significativa (r=-0,25). Ni las concentraciones de 25OHD libre ni total se correlacionaron con las concentraciones de DBP. De todas las variables ambientales analizadas, sólo se encontró que la 25OHD libre presentaba cifras más elevadas en primavera/verano que en otoño/invierno en el grupo de niños mayores de 6 años. No se encontraron diferencias en las concentraciones de DBP en los distintos fenotipos estudiados (p=0,11), siendo el más común el 2/1S (34%). Conclusiones: 1- La determinación de 25OHD libre en suero no aporta ventajas sobre la de 25OHD total como marcador de estatus de vitamina D. 2- Existe una alta correlación entre los niveles circulantes de 25OHD total y libre en niños sanos. 3- Los valores medidos de 25OHD libre están entre 0,35 pg/mL y 13,9 pg/mL en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad en nuestra situación geográfica. 4- Los valores de 25OHD libre pueden estimarse matemáticamente ya que existe una buena correlación entre las concentraciones medidas y las calculadas. 5- Las concentraciones séricas de 25OHD libre y total no son dependientes de las concentraciones circulantes de DBP. 6- No hay relación entre las concentraciones de 25OHD libre o total y el IMC ni la metodología aplicada permite apreciar la influencia sobre éstas de diversos factores ambientales analizados. 7- La LC-MS/MS desarrollada en este estudio proporciona la determinación fenotípica de la DBP y la cuantificación simultánea relativa, evitando los problemas analíticos asociados a los inmunoensayos
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